ENVE Urban Systems Practice Exam 2026 – Comprehensive Study Resource

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Which option is NOT listed as a source of NOx, ozone, and particulate matter in urban environments?

Industry & energy production

Transportation (cars, trucks, planes)

Waste management

Solar power generation

The thing being tested is which activity actually emits these urban pollutants during normal operation. NOx, ozone, and particulate matter in cities mainly come from burning fuels and related industrial and waste processes—industrial energy use and power plants release NOx and PM; transportation emits NOx and PM directly and drives ozone formation in sunlight; waste management can release particulates and other emissions through burning or processing.

Solar power generation, however, does not involve combustion and thus does not emit NOx or PM during normal operation, so it isn’t a typical source of these pollutants in urban environments. (There can be some emissions linked to manufacturing or maintenance, but those aren’t part of daily urban emissions.)